First Victim A H1N1 Virus

Mexico City - Kasus flu H1N1 (flu babi) pertama kali dilaporkan di Meksiko. Namun siapa sangka, penderita pertama flu babi di negeri itu ternyata seorang bayi berumur 6 bulan!

Bayi perempuan itu diketahui tidak pernah melakukan kontak dengan hewan babi ataupun peternakan babi. Demikian disampaikan kepala laboratorium Meksiko yang mempelajari virus flu babi seperti dilansir kantor berita AFP , Jumat (24/7/2009).

"Dia seorang bayi perempuan berumur 6 bulan asal San Luis Potosi yang masih hidup, dan yang pertama menunjukkan gejala-gejala virus influenza A (H1N1) tipe baru pada 24 Februari," kata Celia Alpuche, kepala Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference (INDRE) di Mexico City.

Fakta ini mengejutkan. Sebab selama ini media-media mengarahkan dugaan pada dua orang lainnya. Dugaan media diarahkan pada seorang bocah laki-laki berusia 5 tahun yang tinggal di dekat peternakan babi di Meksiko timur serta seorang wanita asal Oaxaca di Meksiko tenggara. Kedua orang itu terkena flu babi pada April lalu.

Dari Meksiko, virus flu babi menyebar ke Amerika Serikat dan hingga kini telah meluas ke seluruh dunia. Sejauh ini lebih dari 700 orang di berbagai negara telah meninggal akibat virus tersebut.

Jumlah kematian akibat flu babi di Meksiko saat ini sebanyak 138 orang dengan hampir 14.800 kasus yang dilaporkan.

Source : detik.com
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A H1N1 victim's in Jakarta

Jakarta - Seorang bocah perempuan berusia 6 tahun di Jakarta meninggal karena flu babi. Bocah tersebut meninggal pada 22 Juli setelah dirawat sejak 19 Juli lalu.

"Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dan pengobatan, gambaran rontgen dan laboratorium, maka pasien ini menderita pneumonia berat dan hasil pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) menunjukkan positif Influenza A H1N1," ujar Dirjen Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Departemen Kesehatan (Depkes) Tjandra Yoga Aditama dalam situs resmi Depkes, Jumat (24/7/2009).

Sebelumnya bocah itu dirujuk oleh salah satu RS swasta di Jakarta ke salah satu RS pemerintah di Jakarta pada 19 Juli. Keluhannya adalah demam, batuk, sesak nafas, dan badan lemah. Dalam perawatan, kondisi bocah itu makin memburuk sehingga akhirnya meninggal 22 Juli pukul 21.00 WIB.

"Anak ini sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu mengalami gangguan kesehatan dan delayed development," terang Tjandra.

Sejauh ini flu babi telah menjangkiti 343 orang di Indonesia, terdiri dari 193 laki-laki dan 150 perempuan. Untuk Jumat (24/7/2009) saja, flu babi menjangkiti 21 korban baru di Indonesia (17 laki-laki dan 4 perempuan). Mereka berasal dari 4 provinsi, yaitu DKI Jakarta (8 kasus), Jabar (2 kasus), Jatim, (6 kasus) dan Kalimantan Selatan (5 Kasus).

"Semua kasus adalah Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI). Yang memiliki riwayat perjalanan ke luar negeri sebanyak 3 orang, yaitu ke Malaysia dan Singapura," imbuh Tjandra.

Source : detik.com
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First Virus A H1N1 Victim in Egypt

Kairo - Pemerintah Mesir mengumumkan kasus pertama kematian warganya akibat flu H1N1 atau flu babi. Korbannya adalah seorang wanita usia 25 tahun usai melaksanakan ibadah umroh di Mekah, Saudi Arabia.

Menteri Kesehatan Mesir mengatakan, wanita tersebut meninggal dunia di rumah sakit pada Sabtu 18 Juli lalu. Wanita tersebut tiba di Mesir Kamis 16 Juli dan langsung dilarikan ke rumah sakit di Propnsi Gharbia setelah mengalami gejala sesak napas serta rematik.

"Dia meninggal di rumah sakit pada hari Sabtu," ujar pejabat Kementerian Kesehatan setempat, seperti dikutip AFP, Senin (20/7/2009).

Warga Mesir yang hendak melakukan ibadah haji tahun ini pun diminta hati-hati dengan virus mematikan tersebut.

Salah seorang ulama ternama setempat, Sheikh Ali Gomaa mengatakan masyarakat muslim di Mesir tak perlu takut dengan ancaman flu babi saat menjalankan rukun Islam yang ke-5 nanti. Namun Kementerian Kesehatan Mesir tetap meminta masyarakat untuk tetap waspada.

Source : Detik.com
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A-H1N1 Tak Terbendung

Pandemic influenza mulai tidak terbendung. Tercatat per 13 juli 2009 terdapat 94512 kasus positif swine flu di sejumlah negara dengan 429 meninggal dunia. Di Indonesia sendiri kasus positif influenza A-H1N1 terjadi lonjakan 60 kasus dalam kurun waktu 3 hari menjadi 112 kasus. Di jakarta sendiri sudah terapat 53 kasus yang di rawat di RSPI Sulianto Santoso. So waspadalah... mari kita cegah dengan hidup bersih dan memakai masker apabila terkena flu atau berada di keramaian... Read More..

Treatment For Swine Flu

Infection Control


Recommended Infection Control for a non-hospitalized patient (ER, clinic or home visit):
Separation from others in single room if available until asymptomatic. If the ill person needs to move to another part of the house, they should wear a mask. The ill person should be encouraged to wash hand frequently and follow respiratory hygiene practices. Cups and other utensils used by the ill person should be thoroughly washed with soap and water before use by other persons.

Antiviral Treatment

Suspected Cases

Empiric antiviral treatment is recommended for any ill person suspected to have swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Antiviral treatment with either zanamivir alone or with a combination of oseltamivir and either amantadine or rimantadine should be initiated as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms. Recommended duration of treatment is five days. Recommendations for use of antivirals may change as data on antiviral susceptibilities become available. Antiviral doses and schedules recommended for treatment of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection are the same as those recommended for seasonal influenza: 

Confirmed Cases

For antiviral treatment of a confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, either oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) may be administered. Recommended duration of treatment is five days. These same antivirals should be considered for treatment of cases that test positive for influenza A but test negative for seasonal influenza viruses H3 and H1 by PCR.

Pregnant Women

Oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine are all "Pregnancy Category C" medications, indicating that no clinical studies have been conducted to assess the safety of these medications for pregnant women. Only two cases of amantadine use for severe influenza illness during the third trimester have been reported. However, both amantadine and rimantadine have been demonstrated in animal studies to be teratogenic and embryotoxic when administered at substantially high doses. Because of the unknown effects of influenza antiviral drugs on pregnant women and their fetuses, these four drugs should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the embryo or fetus; the manufacturers' package inserts should be consulted. However, no adverse effects have been reported among women who received oseltamivir or zanamivir during pregnancy or among infants born to such women.

Antiviral Chemoprophylaxis

For antiviral chemoprophylaxis of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, either oseltamivir or zanamivir are recommended. Duration of antiviral chemoprophylaxis is 7 days after the last known exposure to an ill confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Antiviral dosing and schedules recommended for chemoprophylaxis of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection are the same as those recommended for seasonal influenza:

Antiviral chemoprophylaxis (pre-exposure or post-exposure) with either oseltamivir or zanamivir is recommended for the following individuals: 
Household close contacts who are at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly) of a confirmed or suspected case. 

School children who are at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions) who had close contact (face-to-face) with a confirmed or suspected case. 

Travelers to Mexico who are at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly). 

Border workers (Mexico) who are at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly).

Health care workers or public health workers who had unprotected close contact with an ill confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection during the case's infectious period.

Antiviral chemoprophylaxis (pre-exposure or post-exposure) with either oseltamivir or zanamivir can be considered for the following:
Any health care worker who is at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly) who is working in an area with confirmed swine influenza A (H1N1) cases, and who is caring for patients with any acute febrile respiratory illness. 

Non-high risk persons who are travelers to Mexico, first responders, or border workers who are working in areas with confirmed cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
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Swine Flu Symptoms

Although uncomplicated influenza-like illness (fever, cough or sore throat) has been reported in many cases, mild respiratory illness (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea) without fever and occasional severe disease also has been reported. Other symptoms reported with swine influenza A virus infection include vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, headache, chills, fatigue, and dyspnea. Conjunctivitis is rare, but has been reported. Severe disease (pneumonia, respiratory failure) and fatal outcomes have been reported with swine influenza A virus infection. The potential for exacerbation of underlying chronic medical conditions or invasive bacterial infection with swine influenza A virus infection should be considered. Read More..

What is Swine Flu or H1N1 Virus

The swine influenza A (H1N1) virus that has infected humans in the U.S. and Mexico is a novel influenza A virus that has not previously been identified in North America. This virus is resistant to the antiviral medications amantadine (Symmetrel) and rimantadine (Flumadine), but is sensitive to oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Investigations of these cases suggest that on-going human-to-human swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is occurring. Read More..

Mutasi Virus H1N1

Berlin - Setelah dipastikan menular dari manusia ke manusia, kini flu babi diprediksikan akan menular dari manusia ke babi. Jika itu terjadi, dikhawatirkan bakal terjadi mutasi virus baru yang belum bisa dipastikan jenisnya.

Seperti ditulis Reuters, Kamis (9/7/2009), telah ditemukan beerapa kasus dugaan virus H1N1 menulari dari manusia ke babi. Peneliti Jerman menemukan penularan tersebut bisa berlangsung secara cepat.

Thomas Vahlenkamp dan para koleganya dari pusat studi kesehatan hewan Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Jerman, bereksperimen menulari 5 babi dengan virus tersebut. Empat hari kemudian, virus itu telah menular ke 3 babi yang sebelumnya tidak terinfeksi dan menunjukkan tanda-tanda penyakit klinis.

"Dengan naiknya jumlah penularan antarmanusia, penularan virus ini ke babi menjadi mungkin. Pencegahan penularan dari manusia ke babi harus menjadi prioritas demi menghindari jatuhnya korban babi akibat pandemi ini," kata Vahlenkamp.

Meski virus ini menular dengan cepat di antara babi, namun tidak menular sama sekali ke 5 ayam yang berada dalam satu kandang.

WHO telah mengumumkan terjadinya pandemi sejak bulan Juni. Virus yang merupakan campuran dari elemen manusia, babi, dan burung ini telah membunuh lebih dari 400 orang di seluruh dunia dan menginfeksi jutaan lainnya. Read More..

Pandemic H1N1

In the 2009 flu pandemic, the virus isolated from patients in the United States was found to be made up of genetic elements from four different flu viruses – North American Mexican influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe – "an unusually mongrelised mix of genetic sequences." This new strain appears to be a result of reassortment of human influenza and swine influenza viruses, in all four different strains of subtype H1N1.

Preliminary genetic characterization found that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was similar to that of swine flu viruses present in U.S. pigs since 1999, but the neuraminidase (NA) and matrix protein (M) genes resembled versions present in European swine flu isolates. The six genes from American swine flu are themselves mixtures of swine flu, bird flu, and human flu viruses. While viruses with this genetic makeup had not previously been found to be circulating in humans or pigs, there is no formal national surveillance system to determine what viruses are circulating in pigs in the U.S.

On June 11, 2009, the WHO declared an H1N1 pandemic, moving the alert level to phase 6, marking the first global pandemic since the 1968 Hong Kong flu. Source : Wikipedia

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